Dmm offset nuts size chart. com Oct 13, 2019 · I already have HB offset nos.

Dmm offset nuts size chart. Buy the DMM HB Brass Offset Nuts online or shop all Climb from Backcountry. Hex nuts have six sides and are used in conjunction with bolts and screws. Larger Wallnuts feature h - The DMM Alloy Offset Nut Set 7-11 contains one of each size of offset nut in the range from 7 through 11. DMM have brought them up to date with colour coded sizing, recessed wires and lightening holes in the largest two sizes. The colour coded swage gives HB Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. So I'm seeking potential burner nuts or replacement for the Trango I already have HB offset nos. The brass used for the head of the nut is soft enough to bite into placements, but hard enough to resist deforming and pulling through. Learn about how to measure bolt sizes, different dimensions of a bolt (bolt head, diameter, length, thread pitch) with the help of bolt size chart. Jul 16, 2025 · The DMM Wallnuts provide some of the offset functionality of the DMM Alloy offset, a curved nut that comes in slightly different shapes, with the added benefit of the wide range of sizes. The old HB alloy offsets were so popular mainly because of their compensating shape. The DMM Nuts are high quality, lightweight, Made in Wales, and look pretty damn sweet. Grooved faces improve I already have HB offset nos. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for compre The brass used for the head of the nut is soft enough to bite into placements, but hard enough to resist deforming and pulling through. DIN 934: This is the standard for metric hex nuts. Brass Offsets are crucial for protecting small flared cracks, often fitting perfectly where nothing else will go. Different alloy is used for each size - smaller Wallnuts are made from a harder alloy to prevent shearing, while larger sizes are softer so they can bite into placements. h. 98 Notify me when this product is in stock Size Showing EU sizes Open size chart Add to Cart Add to Wish List Available 30-day easy return Price match guarantee Free delivery* 18% Skip to the end of the images gallery Skip to the beginning of the images gallery Description The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. Even now, after several updates and a lot more fierce competition, they remain one of the very best nuts for the Dmm brass offsets wild country superlight rocks discontinued climbing nut set best micro nuts offset outdoor gear size chart wallnuts rei wallnut - expocafeperu. Demand for the nuts was still great so we decided to re-launch them. They come in micro sizes, and the large “ scope ” in the side of their Sizes 1-10 are helpfully coloured the same as DMM’s Wallnuts, and are an excellent first spread of nuts to buy. Micro protection for small offset cracks Peenuts have the same asymmetrical taper as Alloy Offsets, allowing them to protect flared and irregular shaped cracks more effectively than symmetrical nuts. 1 mm / 12 kN Size 8 / 30 g / 13. Though that’s only while they’re new, so go climbing & get them scratched up! As low as£15. The groove down the centre of the DMM nuts can be placed around irregularities in the placement which will help hold it in place. I want to get a new set of nuts and have really like the DMM Offset nuts but the BD ones look just the same with the benefit of the color coding matching the standard BD ones. Every size of Alloy Offset has a robust 12kN strength rating. Anyway, as I mentioned they come in a set of 5 (smaller offset nuts are available in brass much like the original RP’s), each is rated to 12 kN, they range in size from 12 to 23mm (size 7 to 11), colour coded, are not inexpensive (about $16 ea. The colour coded swage gives Micro protection for small offset cracks Peenuts have the same asymmetrical taper as Alloy Offsets, allowing them to protect flared and irregular shaped cracks more effectively than symmetrical nuts. The colour coded swage gives The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Wires are soldered directly into the nut head, allowing a thicker wire to be used and increasing overall strength. DMM Allo Offset Nut Set Elevate your climbing experience with the DMM Allo Offset Nut Set, designed for precision and reliability on challenging routes. Like ANSI/ASME B18. The DMM HB Brass Offset Singles are perfect for narrow, shallow and flared cracks. Should I be spending on a . FEATURES Offset cam sizing for irregular cracks and pin scars Trigger for quick distinction from normal sizes Colour coded lobes Sling colour corresponds to size of larger cams, thumb loop tubing colour corresponds to size of smaller cams DMM Alloy Offsets: DMM is bringing an old favourite back to the market. com The DMM Alloy Offset Nut - Singles are individual offset nuts available from size 7 through to size 11. - The DMM Alloy Offset Nut Set 7-11 contains one of each size of offset nut in the range from 7 through 11. Sizes 10 and 11 feature extra holes to reduce unnecessary weight. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all-season crack protection. Grooved faces DMM has evolved the celebrated Dragonfly Cam range to include the Dragonfly Offsets, which alongside the Dragon Cams create the ultimate cam family. Aug 13, 2022 · Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. On slightly flared placements nothing fits like an Offset. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for compre The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. Description DMM Alloy Offset Nut Elevate your climbing experience with the DMM Alloy Offset Nut, a must-have for any serious climber. With a 12kN strength rating, they are durable and lightweight, featuring recessed wires to reduce wear and weight-saving holes in larger sizes. Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts Apr 27, 2017 · Thread Source carries a wide variety of fasteners including many different types of nuts. The softer heads bite into rock yet resist pulling through, while the thicker wires boost overall strength for confidence-inducing placements. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all season cr Dec 13, 2009 · DMM Wallnuts are also known to be extremely durable, a result of hot forging the heads of the smaller size nuts. D. Oct 31, 2024 · Tiny brass climbing nuts are considered mandatory for any thinly protected route, from steep El Cap aid lines to Eldorado Canyon sketch-fests, and the DMM HB Brass Offsets are our review team's pick for the best micro nut. 1 cam what model do you recommend? The DMM HB Alloy Offset # 11 clamping wedge fits where nothing else fits. I have a set of BD nuts, DMM offset nuts, BD C4s from 0. 45 DMM The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. 2. <br /> The old HB alloy offsets were so popular mainly because of their compensating shape. The DMM ones are much stronger 7kn vs. Alloy Offsets protect irregular, flared, and generally wonky cracks that regular nuts just can't sew up. Sets of our passive protection that make the perfect starting point for building a comprehensive climbing rack. com Full set of DMM's ever-popular Wallnuts covering a broad range of sizes from small to large and their fantastic Alloy Offsets which fit in placements that no other piece of protection will fit. Best micro nuts climbing nut size chart rp black diamond offset stopper dmm outdoor gear wild country recall wallnut set rocks review abc stoppers - expocafeperu. American National Standard and Unified Standard Hex Nuts and Jam Nuts and Heavy Hex Nuts and Jam Nuts Hex Nut Sep 30, 2016 · My granite climbing rack with the DMM Offset Nuts supplemented with a few others. Standard ANSI ASME Metric Hex Nuts, Types Styles 1 and 2 size dimensions Shop for climbing nuts at Rock+Run for all your climbing equipment needs. HB Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Imperial and metric measurements included. 2mm but my HB nut is approx 8. 2 and 4 and don't want the really small ones (DMM 0 and 1) so thought I could just buy nos. 2x9. See full list on outdoorgearlab. They provide an easy way to rig anchors, secure rappels and create emergency anchors in a pinch. 11 DMM Halfnuts Guide $ 12. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all-season Choosing the correct bolt and nut sizes is essential for mechanical and construction projects. Review DMM Offset Nut Review Features Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts would not sit properly, such as flared For increasing our placement options, we add the DMM HB Brass Offset Nuts to our rack. 9 mm / 12 kN Size 9 / 37 g / 17. Diese Keile zeichnen sich besonders durch ihre asymmetrische Form aus. 12kn, I don't know whether this matters. Key Features Offset Design: Perfect for complex placements, providing enhanced security in non NUT DIMENSIONS (INCH AND METRIC SERIES) Nut Dimensions Charts and Tables for Machine Screw Nuts, Hex Nuts, Jam Nuts, Heavy Hex Nuts, Hex Thick Nuts, Metric Lock Nuts, Metric Hex Nuts for Coarse and Fine Pitch Thread, Metric Hex Flange for Coarse and Fine Thread, Slotted Nuts, Acorn Nuts. 4 - 25. Wallnuts have a larger curve than most, making them among the best we reviewed at fitting into parallel cracks. Different sizes have different alloys- smaller walnuts are made from a harder alloy to prevent them from sheering and the larger wallnuts are made from a softer alloy so they can bed into placements. They all have a strength rating of 12 kN. A thinner. Like their aluminum counterparts, they are the most updated version of a tried and true classic. Designed for irregular, flared cracks and pin scars, the Dragonfly Micro Cam Offsets feature colour coded slings and thumb loops that allow you to make the correct placeme Granite cracks love Dmm offsets. The colour coded swage gives easy size selection and allows the Brass Offset to self equalise when loaded, making the most of marginal placements. The DMM HB Alloy Offset # 9 clamping wedge fits where nothing else fits. The backbone of every trad rack. Fully anodised and in the quality you'd expect the Wales DMM factory. I wondered if any had any thoughts on DMM vs. The Offsets were originally designed by Hugh Banner, the climbing gear maestro who founded HB Climbing Equipment. The wires are set into a recess to minimize wear, enhancing their longevity. The DMM Alloy Offset Nut Set 7-11 contains one of each size of offset nut in the range from 7 through 11. DMM nuts can also be harder to clean for this reason. Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Jun 19, 2015 · Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. 26 DMM Half Nut Set - Sizes 1-7 $ 60. Jul 12, 2025 · The DMM Torque Nut Set is a collection of offset nuts designed for protecting parallel-sided cracks in rock climbing. 40 Alloy Offset Set for Size 7-11: DMM $ 55. We really hope you find it useful. Nuts in all shapes and sizes. Ideal for hard-to-protect trad pitches and aid routes alike, the DMM Offset Nuts get the job done when nothing else will do. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all season cr Jun 15, 2012 · Fortunately for lovers of all things irregular DMM bought the tooling equipment for making these little beauties and in 2008 started up production - first of the larger alloy sizes, and then later of the brass micro-offsets. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. 0 out of 5 stars Compare What nut sets do you own? And your opinion of it. Pins were usually pounded in with that same degree of upward tilt, so the scars give placements that result in the optimum pull direction for your offset nuts. com : DMM Alloy Offset Set, Size 7-11 : Climbing Passive Protection Hardware : Sports & OutdoorsOr fastest delivery Monday, April 7. But no one explains in detail exactly why they are better than the standard non-offset nuts I have (DMM wallnuts, like op). $ 69. The DMM HB Alloy Offset # 7 clamping wedge fits where nothing else fits. (For £45 more you have the same but with a set of large Torque nuts to cover bigger placements if you buy DMM's full Protectio - The DMM Alloy Offset Nut Set 7-11 contains one of each size of offset nut in the range from 7 through 11. The Wallnut set 1-11 is the perfect protection for most trad climbs, the big range in sizes will give you the options you need. 3, 5 and 6 but I've measured my old 2 and 4 and the sizes don't match up to those given in size charts for the DMM nuts. Nut torque chart below provided as a general information to help you better understand clamp load and assembly torque. $19. 4 mm / 12 kN Size 10 / 45 g / 19. Order within 9 hrs 53 mins The DMM HB Alloy Offset # 9 clamping wedge fits where nothing else fits. Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts Details HB Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Machine Nut A hex nut in […]. 45 Wallnut Nut Set for Climbers $ 33. Thanks to the asymmetrically tapered heads, these micro pieces of pro slot into flared cracks and pin scars. 00 (3) 3 reviews with an average rating of 5. Each nut is anodised for quick and easy identification and its recessed head wire keeps it protected. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for compre Irregular is better. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all season cr Irregular is better. Remember, balancing size, strength, and material is crucial for a secure, long-lasting connection. The asymmetrically tapered heads with grooved faces bite into pin scars and flared cracks, giving a stable placement, while the recessed wires reduce wear. And I really love them nuts. Both alloys are softer metals than the more common aluminum. Nov 17, 2011 · Amazon. Micro protection lets you protect cracks where normal sized pieces would not fit Asymmetrical taper gives stable placeme Order DMM HB Brass Offset Singles or see all our other Rocks and Nuts products. 00 (0) Compare DMM HB Alloy Offset Stopper Set - Sizes 7-11 $112. As a result, they could also be placed in unusually shaped places where nothing else would hold. Protection - Nuts - DMM Alloy Offsets Due to their complex offset shape the DMM Alloy Offsets offer placement opportunities when nothing else will fit, making them a vital part of your rack. DMM Alloy Offset 16. The DMM Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Review DMM Offset Nut Review Features Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts would not sit properly, such as flared Description DMM Allo Offset Nut Set Elevate your climbing experience with the DMM Allo Offset Nut Set, designed for precision and reliability on challenging routes. The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. The high demand for these nuts is because their complex offset shape offers p Alloy Offsets protect irregular and flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. Rocks 1-10 are usually sold as a set, so consider also purchasing a Rock 11 to supplement your rack. micro nuts, offset nuts, brass nuts, cams and more. The DMM Alloy Offset Nuts are made with a carefully considered head geometry so that they fit securely into placements where cams or regular nuts would be unstable, flared cracks and peg scars are good examples. 1 is, I wonder about the advice, if I should even bother getting it for free climbing or skip to a ball nut set or passive pro only in the little sizes. If it is inward and upward flaring, you can use any kind of nut, but an offset might be a safer bet because it can be set in place to prevent it from moving. The overwhelming consensus recommendation always seems to be for these DMM alloy offsets. 6 which is quite different. Coloured coding anodizing coating that matches the DMM wallnut range to make them easy to pick out when you are gripped on a pitch. Based on the famed HB Alloy Offsets, these nuts have been produced using modified versions of the original HB dies. Made by DMM, a reputable climbing gear manufacturer known for their quality and innovation, these nuts offer a unique shape that allows for multiple placement orientations, increasing their versatility. With a complex, offset head geometry these nuts will place securely in flared cracks where regular nuts and cams may not sit well. - Breaking load: 12kN The DMM HB Alloy Offset # 7 clamping wedge fits where nothing else fits. Additionally they will match the DMM offsets which everyone also swears by (BD now makes offset nuts, never tried em tho). Mar 4, 2023 · Here are some commonly used nut standards and dimension guides: ANSI/ASME B18. sie können auch in in „geflarten“ Rissen verwendet werden. 60 £18. Suitable for alpine climbing, trad climbing, big wall climbing. Features Offset alloy nuts on wire Wire recessed into top of nut and full wire radius for extra strength Lightening holes Color coded for easy recognition DMM Alloy offset nuts feature complex shapes for placement when nothing else will fit, especially in irregular or flared cracks. Their large surface area helps dissipate forces, making them suitable for protecting fragile rock. 13 Brass Offset Mount for HVAC Installation $ 18. Jul 15, 2021 · With all the climbing cams on the market its difficult to know which ones to buy. As small as a . The DMM Climbing Alloy Offsets are based on the same nuts created by legendary climber Hugh Banner back in the '60s, with a renovated design that renders them much lighter while still preserving their strength. 95 Alloy Offsets provide reliable protection in irregular and flared cracks where standard nuts fail. 1 - 21. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for compre These nuts, while expensive, are the most versatile nut on the market. What do you guys think? Getting the DMM Wallnuts and Offset Nuts gives you all the passive protection you’ll need to start practicing traditional climbing and lets you find out what you should get next. Is it because the shape gives you more options depending on the side you place against the crack? The HB Alloy Offset nuts are available in different sizes, which you can easily distinguish from all of your equipment thanks to the colours. If you are a cam junky and only place a nut where a cam absolutely won't fit, more often than not you'll find yourself reaching for Offset Nuts. 2, DIN 934 covers hex nuts with six sides. Review DMM Offset Nut Review Features Nuts with an offset taper protect cracks where normal nuts would not sit properly, such as flared In Choosing Climbing Nuts, Paul offers some useful advice on what type to choose and how to rack them. Crafted with meticulous attention to detail, these nuts offer superior placement versatility, ensuring a secure fit in irregular cracks and flares. This guide will help you interpret size charts and make informed decisions. How to Use Wheel Bolt Pattern Charts Our charts contain bolt pattern data (also known as, bolt circle, stud pattern, lug pattern, pitch circle diameter or simply PCD) and also other wheel sizing data like wheel offset (ET), backspacing, stud thread size, rim size and center bore for all makes, models with the breakdown by years. Basically, a DMM Offset Nut is an adjustable wedge-shaped nut that is designed to be […] DMM Alloy Offset $ 16. Jul 28, 2025 · The DMM HB Alloy Offset nuts boast several key specifications: Each size is rated to a robust 12kN strength, providing substantial security in a fall. com. Description Alloy Offsets protect irregular & flared cracks that regular nuts cannot. DMM passive protection and active protection for trad climbing, and ice and winter protection. I've been thinking about doubling my big cams with DMM Dragons from 00 to 6. The Offset Micro uses a copper-iron mix with similar overall characteristics to brass. The wires they are mounted on are set into a recess to reduce wear, while larger sizes have holes that reduce weight. Every size of Alloy Offset has a robust 12kN strength rating. 98£18. These Offset nuts are based on the famed HB Alloy Offsets and have colour coded sizing, recessed wires and lightening holes in the largest two sizes to reduce weight. This set includes units 7 through 11. Irregular is better. 1 cam next? brassies? offset nuts? Ball nuts? If I do go with the . Jan 6, 2020 · The DMM HB Brass Offset (also known as simply DMM Brass Offsets) is the most popular “ brassy ” or micro nut on the market, and with good reason. com : DMM Alloy Offset : Climbing Passive Protection Hardware : Sports & OutdoorsHelp others learn more about this product by uploading a video! Aug 17, 2015 · Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. Aug 2, 2025 · Fitting where other pieces of pro can't, the DMM Alloy Offsets give us a little more confidence on thinly protected routes. DMM Offset Nut Set 7-11 Features Anodised, alloy offset nuts on wire Wire recessed into top of nut and full wire radius for extra strength Lightening holes Colour coded for easy recognition Specifications Video Promotions, new products and sales. ) and have a bit of a gap between sizes (I infill this gap with a The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. 2 - 30 Check out our online reference tables showing hex nut dimensions and heavy hex nut dimensions and browse our catalog for specifications and information on specific types of nuts. Check out our great prices and latest deals! Jul 15, 2025 · Overview of types of nuts and their uses along with a size chart, metric/imperial dimension standards, and how to use them properly (installation, anti-loosening, torque, etc. Hex Nut A standard six sided nut. I'm running old Tango "made by Hudy Sports" nuts, and I recently realized that they are actually offset in one plane and parallel in another plane. Every size of Alloy Offset has a robust 12kN strength rating, while the wires are set into a recess to reduce wear and larger sizes boast holes that reduce weight. 00 - $20. These tiny pieces of passive protection revolutionized what is possible with traditionally placed gear when they were first released. Directly to your inbox. Obviously the wildcounty ones are ligher but only by about 30g. DMM Alloy Offset Set $ 79. Size / Weight / Range / Rated strength Size 7 / 27 g / 12 - 15. ANSI (inch) Hex and Jam Nut Size Table Chart Hardware ANSI Menu The following tables provide Hex Nut and Jam Nut dimensions per ASME / ANSI B18. Use in conjunction with Wallnuts for comprehensive all season crack protection. Fast Shipping and the best prices! Here you will find standard nut size chart in mm for the next most selling sizes: M3, M4, M6, M8, M10, M12 and M20. You can get a confidence inspiring amount of surface contact in a lot of semi flaring placements that are common to that kind of climbing. We also reduced the weight with lightening holes on the two larger sizes. 1 mm / 12 kN Size 11 / 56 g / 23. Grooved faces improve Mar 5, 2023 · Introduction to DMM Offset Nuts DMM Offset Nuts are some of the most popular and versatile pieces of climbing hardware on the market. Engineered for precision and reliability, these nuts are crafted from high-quality alloy, ensuring durability and strength in challenging conditions. Always refer to project specifications and consult The DMM Climbing Brass Offsets Set are specifically designed to bite into irregular placements like flared cracks and pin scars, slotting into placements where standard aluminum nuts struggle to fit. Apr 23, 2020 · Find rock climbing routes, photos, and guides for every state, along with experiences and advice from fellow climbers. 5x10. Their asymmetrical taper ensures stable placements, while dual-orientation usability enhances versatility. I've heard good things about the Dragons, and from what I understand the colors match and the ranges overlap nicely with the BD C4s. Asymmetrical taper gives stable placements in offset cracks Allows placement in two orientations for increas The DMM Offset Nut Set 7-11 is a full set of the Offset range, which offers placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. 3 to 3, plus a few C3s (micros) in 0-2. For example the DMM 4 is given as 7. Moved PermanentlyThe document has moved here. com Oct 13, 2019 · I already have HB offset nos. I also run DMM offsets, I feel okay about them. With the Offset Nuts, DMM has revived a classic. This Cam Size Comparison Chart helps you compare models against one another in terms of sizing and range of use. the new wildcounty ones. Get a set and prepare to be converted. 24 DMM Peenut Nut for Climbers $ 9. Has anyone had a chance to try out the new BD Offset Stoppers? How do they compare to the DMM ones. Die DMM Offset Nuts sind ein Klemmkeil Set bestehend aus 5 Größen. The color-coded sizing, recessed wires and lightening holes in the largest two sizes help in choosing the best one for the situation. <br /> With the Offset Nuts, DMM has revived a classic. The smaller sizes of the standard set, gold -red, find a lot of use. Check out our online reference tables showing hex nut dimensions and heavy hex nut dimensions and browse our catalog for specifications and information on specific types of nuts. Nut Dimensions Dimensions you will find in these charts: Thread Diameter, Fine and Coarse Thread, Thread Per Inch (TPI), Thread Pitch, Width Across the Flats, Width Across Corners, Thickness, Wrench Size Nut Size Charts below are provided as a general guide to help you better understand Metric and US size of the most popular nuts categories. Get a set as a back up for your Wallnuts and prepare to be converted. 86 Alloy Offset for DMM Climbers $ 12. 5 - 17. Aug 20, 2009 · Amazon. 23 results for "dmm offset nuts" Results Check each product page for other buying options. ). 42 DMM Torque Nuts: Hexes for Rock Climbing Protection $ 18. The result is it isn't as durable as aluminum headed models but much like brass models, slightly deforms to the The DMM Offset Nuts offer placement opportunities when no other natural protection will fit. My main concern with the superlights is that the side on Jan 7, 2020 · A relative newcomer to the offset micro nut market, the Black Diamond Offset Micro offers some new tweaks on the older classic designs. 2: This standard covers hex nuts, which are the most commonly used type of nut. - Breaking load: 12kN Feb 6, 2018 · If regular nuts and most hexes are offset when placed in their sideways position, why are offset nuts so popular and even sold? For example: Is the angle significantly different between DMM Wallnuts in their sideways position and DMM HB Alloy Offsets that they work for different placements? I can see for smaller and micro offset nuts it being necessary as you can only get so small by turning a Having bought one HB nut, I subsequently bought the other sizes around it, and with these backing up my 1-9 DMM Wallnuts I was ready for adventures into the non-parallel world. On slightly flared placements nothing fits like a DMM Alloy Offset Nut. Despite their simple appearance, Wallnuts are highly featured pieces of climbing hardware. May 3, 2015 · Looking to get a set of offsets nuts as the DMM one I liberated from a route seems to be put in on almost every climb I do. kqmig qlr pbqgci gfwfv blb yxw vldtes ldcuhuhi dmgks atcf